Stefanie Reyes Castro
Annotated Bibliography
1. Flores, Juan. “Puerto Rican Literature in the United States”. Fundación Puertoriqueña de las Humanidades: Puerto Rico Encyclopedia. Jan 28. 2010. Web. April 13. 2014.
This article refers to the Puerto Rican Literature, which is still not recognized among readers and students in the United States. The article presents the three stages in which the Puerto Rican literature is divided; the first stage, The Writing of Pioneer Immigrants, the second stage, The Fifties and the Sixties and the third stage, The Nuyorican Writers. The third stage presents how the combining of autobiographical and imaginative modes of community portrayal is “clearest perhaps in the prose fiction”, like for example Nicholasa Mohr’s Nilda, Edward Rivera’s Family Installments, among others. Also how in this phase these writers combine and synthetize earlier phases creating a modality of literary expression corresponding to its position as a nonassimilating colonial minority.
This article refers to the Nuyorican Movement and how the writers that belong to this movement created a different literary expression. This is useful in my research paper, since Nicholasa Mohr’s was part of this movement and stand out, publishing the women perspective.
2. Cardona Melendez, Cynthia. “The Emergence of Central Florida’s Puerto Rican Community”.
B.A. University of Central Florida, 1997. 2007. Web. April 13.2014
The second chapter of the thesis The Emergence of Central Florida’s Puerto Rican Community by Cynthia Cardona Melendez, The Puerto Rican Exodus to the Mainland, examines the reasons for Puerto Ricans to move to the United States during the twentieth century, how did they formed their first communities and where exactly, and all the problems, including discriminations that they confronted; they were treated as they were from foreign nations, even though they were U.S citizens.
It’s important to know the history from where eventually the Nuyorican Movement were going to emerge. To understand the context where these writers were going to develop, likewise, the challenges that they had to overcome.
3. Mohr, Nicholasa. “Puerto Ricans in New York: Cultural evolution and identity.” In Images and Identities: the Puerto Rican in Two World Contexts, 157–160. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1987.
Nicholasa Mohr gives a review of the development of popular art by Puerto Ricans in New York City, and ties these artistic manifestations to political struggles. She sees a correlation between the Puerto Rican community fight to establish bilingual
education in the schools, and the development of the Nuyorican poetry movement that develops bilingual writing. Mohr maintains that the formation of alliances between Puerto Ricans and African Americans in New York City during the civil rights era encouraged the former to take pride in their African heritage and identify themselves as racially hybrid, as “people of color.”
In this essay by Mohrs, we could see de development of the art and literature by Puerto Ricans in New York City and through Mohrs’ perspective the barriers and challenges which Puerto Ricans had to deal.
4. Acosta-Belén, Edna. "The Literature of the Puerto Rican National Minority in the United States." The Bilingual Review 5:1-2 (Jan.-Aug. 1978): 107-16.
This work by Edna Acosta-Belen present the difficulties that confronted the literary movement of the Puerto Ricans in New York, and how their work were ignored by the US literary establishment. The literature of these writers were commonly known just by the primarily working class Puerto Rican communities, until the late 1960’ and 1970’. “The literary production of this generation of Puerto Ricans was the first to expose the racism and dire conditions that engulfed their communities and to capture attention from readers and literary critics in the United States and Puerto Rico”. She also emphasizes about how in the 21th century it wasn’t available comprehensive literary histories of US Puerto Rican literature but there have been some attempts to introduce the literature that began to flourish. It’s essential to add to my research paper, the problems that confronted the literary movement itself, and how it get growing and get to know over the US non-Hispanic citizens.
5. Kubiac, Brenda. “Mohr, Nicholasa: 1938---: Writer”. Contemporary Hispanic Biography. 2003 Encyclopedia.com. Web. April 13.2014
This website presents the biography of Nicholasa Mohr; where did she born, how was her childhood, where did she studied, her academic achievements, her career and awards, and how was her transition from panting to writing. It also mentions all her plays, essays and novels.
6. Rituals of resistance in contemporary Latino fiction: Queering masculinity, matrimony, and motherhood in the works of Junot Diaz and Nicholasa Mohr”
This thesis by Ana Maria Santiago examines the works of Junot Diaz and Nicholasa Mohr, and focuses especially on “how the ideological constructions of gender and sexuality, particularly those of machismo, maternity, and marriage, interact with notions of nationality, ethnicity, race, and class”. The characters of some of the stories of Diaz and Mohr presents rigid gender roles by rejecting and accepting others.
This an interesting thesis because inspects the works of this famous writers, especially the works of Nicholasa Mohrs, in a gender and sexuality matter. This could be helpful for my research paper because this thesis analyze Mohr’s literature deeper, and could help us to understand better her perspective over men and women through her writing, during the Nuyorican Movement.
7. Writing Puerto Rico: The literature of insular and United States Puerto Rican women authors”
This thesis by Marisel C. Moreno, examines the literature of insular and United States Puerto Rican women authors, such as Ana Lydia Vega, Rosario Ferre, Nicholasa Mohr, Judith Ortiz Cofer and Esmeralda Santiago. Comparing the writing of the women who lives in the Island to the ones who lives and born in the United States. She “outline the history behind the discourse of nationality in Puerto Rican canonical works and examine the intersection of patriarchal and national discourses that women authors denounce in their texts”.
Although the only author who I am working with is Nicholasa Mohr, it could be useful to see a comparison between Puerto Rican women authors and how the ones who born in US differed from the ones who were born in the Island in their writing, style and their point of view.
8. The borderlands in Puerto Rico: Creating new identities”
The borderlands in Puerto Rico: Creating new identities by Cheryl Funderburk looks at text from three Puerto Rican authors; Rosario Ferré's The House on the Lagoon, Judith Ortiz Cofer's The Line of the Sun, and Nicholasa Mohr's In Nueva York, to see how the border experience of Puerto Ricans affects cultural changes in language, religion, and women's roles. Funderburk, implies that these cultural changes must be taken into account to fully understand the works of Puerto Ricans authors, the ones who born in the US and the ones who born in the Island.
This could be very useful for my research paper, since it points out the cultural changes that might have affected the life of Nicholasa Morh by living in the US, and consequently we could understand her perspective and from what cultural environment is she writing.
In this interview by Myra Zarnowski. Nicholasa Mohr talks about her background, experiences, motives and interests as they relate to the authoring of works of fiction featuring Hispanic children and adults. Also, in the article, is presented detailed information about her life and some of her works.
I could use this information to know better the author, her interest and life experiences from her own words.
This qualitative study looked at complex Puerto Rican identity issues as represented in children's or adolescent literature by U.S. Puerto Rican Diaspora authors. The study analyze four widely published Puerto Rican authors, Piri Thomas, Nicholasa Mohr, Judith Ortiz Cofer and Esmeralda Santiago. Review of the literature incorporated social themes such as language, racism, gender, literature and education.
I could use this source in my research paper because Nicholasa Mohr was part of these children whose identity might have been affected by being born in the US and being part of one of the families who migrate from Puerto Rico to the US.
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